Free Essays on B.F. Skinner’s Walden Two

B.F. Skinner’s Walden Two On the first day of the visit by the author’s group of six to the utopian community, Walden Two, there is a brief break from the lecture/tour given by the community’s founder, Frazier. The narrator and his friend, Castle, the intellectual academics with an interest in political science and public administration, immediately begin to inquire into the mode of government with which the members of the commune manage their affairs. Frazier describes the scheme of the â€Å"Board of Planners†, three men and three women who are invested with broad powers, both in policy formulation and in the judiciary of Walden Two. Frazier tells the visitors that the Planners serve for ten-year terms, reviewing the work of the â€Å"Managers† who actually carry out policy decisions. One of the visitors innocently inquires into the selection process: â€Å"How do you choose your Planners?† said Rodge. â€Å"The Board selects a replacement from a pair of names supplied by the Managers.† â€Å"The members don’t vote for them?† said Castle. â€Å"No,† said Frazier emphatically. (Page 48) Frazier goes on to explain that the Planners are the guiding geniuses of the project, and the Managers the managerial specialists who carry out their programs. The bellicose Castle glumly remarks that the members have â€Å"no voice whatsoever† in the decision making process, to which Frazier replies, â€Å"Nor do they wish to have.† (Page 49) The fate of democratic government in the utopian world depicted in behaviorist B.F. Skinner’s imaginative work, Walden Two, might well trouble the visitors, and indeed the readers of the book. The commune which the narrator Burris (Skinner’s first name) visits with his friends is the dream and the accomplishment of one man, Frazier, who has drawn nearly one thousand enthusiastic adherents to his idyllic rural setting with the promise of a sane, happy, efficient existence. At Walde... Free Essays on B.F. Skinner’s Walden Two Free Essays on B.F. Skinner’s Walden Two B.F. Skinner’s Walden Two On the first day of the visit by the author’s group of six to the utopian community, Walden Two, there is a brief break from the lecture/tour given by the community’s founder, Frazier. The narrator and his friend, Castle, the intellectual academics with an interest in political science and public administration, immediately begin to inquire into the mode of government with which the members of the commune manage their affairs. Frazier describes the scheme of the â€Å"Board of Planners†, three men and three women who are invested with broad powers, both in policy formulation and in the judiciary of Walden Two. Frazier tells the visitors that the Planners serve for ten-year terms, reviewing the work of the â€Å"Managers† who actually carry out policy decisions. One of the visitors innocently inquires into the selection process: â€Å"How do you choose your Planners?† said Rodge. â€Å"The Board selects a replacement from a pair of names supplied by the Managers.† â€Å"The members don’t vote for them?† said Castle. â€Å"No,† said Frazier emphatically. (Page 48) Frazier goes on to explain that the Planners are the guiding geniuses of the project, and the Managers the managerial specialists who carry out their programs. The bellicose Castle glumly remarks that the members have â€Å"no voice whatsoever† in the decision making process, to which Frazier replies, â€Å"Nor do they wish to have.† (Page 49) The fate of democratic government in the utopian world depicted in behaviorist B.F. Skinner’s imaginative work, Walden Two, might well trouble the visitors, and indeed the readers of the book. The commune which the narrator Burris (Skinner’s first name) visits with his friends is the dream and the accomplishment of one man, Frazier, who has drawn nearly one thousand enthusiastic adherents to his idyllic rural setting with the promise of a sane, happy, efficient existence. At Walde...

Biography of Tarquin the Proud, Etruscan King of Rome

Biography of Tarquin the Proud, Etruscan King of Rome Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (died 495 BCE), or Tarquin the Proud, ruled Rome between 534 and 510 BCE and was the last king the Romans would tolerate. Tarquinius despotic reign earned him the title Superbus (proud, haughty). The flaw in Superbus character- he combined a great deal of ambition with a wealth of family treachery in his background- eventually led to the end of the Etruscan rule over the city of Rome. Superbus was a member of the Tarquin Dynasty, dubbed the Great House of Tarquin by Romes historian Livy, but the spotty, intrigue-riddled reign was hardly a dynasty. The Tarquins were one of several Etruscan chiefs, including the Tarchu, Mastarna, and Porsenna, who in turn usurped Romes throne with little chance to found genuine dynasties. Cicero sketched the Tarquin history in his Republica  as an example of how easily good government could degenerate. Fast Facts: Lucius Tarquinius Superbus Known For: The Last Etruscan king in RomeAlso Known As: Tarquin the ProudBorn: Year unknown in RomeFather: Lucius Tarquinius PriscusDied: 495 BCE in Cumae, RomeSpouse(s): Tullia Major, Tullia MinorChildren: Titus,  Arruns, Sextus, Tarquinia Early Years Superbus was the son or possibly the grandson of Tarquinius Priscus and son-in-law of the previous Etruscan king Servius Tullius. The exact date of Superbus birth is unknown. Ciceros text suggests that Superbus and his future wife Tullia Minor killed their respective spouses, Arruns Tarquin and Tullia Major, before murdering Servius Tullius and bringing Superbus to power. There are no historical records for this period in Roman history: Those records were destroyed when Gaul sacked Rome in 390 BCE. What scholars know of the Tarquin history are legends written down by the much later Roman historians Livy, Cicero, and Dionysius. Superbus Reign After ascending the throne, Superbus embarked on a campaign of expansion early in his reign, waging war against the Etruscans, Volci, and Latins. His victories helped cement Rome’s status as an important power in the region. Superbus also signed Rome’s first treaty with Carthage and completed construction of the massive Temple of Capitoline Jupiter. He also used forced labor to extend the Maxima drainage system, an important water-and-sewer system in ancient Rome. Revolt and the New Republic A revolt against the corrupt Etruscans was spearheaded by Tarquin the Prouds nephew Lucius Junius Brutus and Lucretias husband Tarquinius Collatinus. In the end, Superbus and all of his family (ironically, including Collatinus) were expelled from Rome. Along with the end of the Etruscan kings of Rome, the power of the Etruscans over Latium weakened. Rome replaced the Etruscan rulers with a Republic. Although there are some who believe there was a gradual transition to the consul system of the Republic, the Fasti Consulares list the annual consuls straight after the end of the regal period. Legacy Classical scholar Agnes Michels and others have suggested that the text Livy, Dionysius, and Cicero used to describe the events of the Tarquin Dynasty has all the earmarks of a classic tragedy, or rather, a trilogy of plays with the moral theme of cupido regni (kingdom of lust). Superbus legacy of court intrigue and scandal led to the end of the Etruscan rule of Rome. It was Tarquin the Prouds son, Tarquinius Sextus, who raped the Roman noblewoman Lucretia. Lucretia was the wife of his cousin Tarquinius Collatinus, and her rape brought about the end of Etruscan rule. Lucretias rape was scandalous on several levels, but it came about because of a drinking party during which her husband and other Tarquins argued over who had the most beautiful wife. Sextus was at that party and, aroused by the discussion, came to the virtuous Lucretias bed and forcibly raped her. She called her family to demand revenge, and when they didnt deliver, she committed suicide. Sources Gantz TN. 1975. The Tarquin Dynasty. Historia: Zeitschrift fà ¼r Alte Geschichte 24(4):539-554.Michels AK. 1951. The Drama of the Tarquins. Latomus 10(1):13-24.Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. â€Å"Tarquin.†Ã‚  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Inc., 4 Apr. 2018.Cartwright, Mark. Lucius Tarquinius Superbus.  Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 03 Mar 2017. Web. 17 Mar 2019.