What If We Were Photographed - 904 Words

What If We Were Photographed? The soft and gentle company of an individual s arms does more than words could ever do. Knowing that we have someone to comfort us in a time of need is an assurance that calms and supports our lives. The first time we experience this feeling, even though we don’t realize it, is when our mothers hold us close to their hearts at birth. Not only did my mom clench me near to her heart when I was born, but she continues to hold me there tightly every day. When I think of my mom, I think of all the memories that we have ever been through together. Though there are many memories we share, there is one that stands out among the others. The month of June 2015 was an emotional time for my mom. When I walked in the front door, I remember hearing the soft tone of her voice that was trying to conceal her misery saying â€Å"It’s Final†¦. It’s all over now.† About eight years prior to hearing those words from my mom, she got married to our stepfather. I had never seen her so elated since her divorce with my dad, and I had never been more excited to see her with this much joy. We both shared pain through the divorce, yet she always said, â€Å"Everything will get better.† and it did. From that day on we shared many great memories together that are tacked up on a wall and caged behind a plate of glass, our pictures. One of these frames contained an experience we had when we went on a mission trip together to Haiti. My dearest and most adored part of the trip was whenShow MoreRelatedThe Signs Of The Age Of Modernity1734 Words   |  7 Pagesin 1839, photographers were dispatched to various parts of the world to document its marvels. The first places to be photographed in the Middle East were Palestine and Egypt shortly after the invention was announced. The rest of the Ottoman lands, Persia, and the Indian Subcontinent were also among the regions that were photographed soon after. European political, religio us and colonial interests were initially the main reason behind the choice of what places were photographed first. Biblical historyRead MoreSba Study1013 Words   |  5 Pagesinstitution in Florida during the month of in November 2017. Ten students representing African American, white, Asian, and Hispanic racial categories were selected (see Table 1). The small sample is representative of the student population on campus. However, to yield a racial mixed of subjects, the author compromised some randomness of subject selection. Data were utilized in this research project to examine students’ perceptions of race as they relate to socioeconomic status. The hypothesis for the studyRead MoreDemographics1226 Words   |  5 Pagesused to categorize the photographed individuals. Male photographs of university faculty representing African American, Asian, Hispanic, and white racial/ethnic categories were used to alleviate gender and other impression biases. Results Regarding demographic information, white (n=4) and African American (n=3) participants made up 70% of the responses. Responses also included 20% from Hispanics and 10% Asians. Female participants outnumbered males 60% to 40%. The distribution of participants isRead MoreA Brief Biography of Walt Disney921 Words   |  4 Pagesart career later on in life by going to an Academy of Arts. He started cartooning in the 20’s and started his own company a few years after. What led Disney to start his journey to success? The biggest factor was his home life. He had a paper route every day, two times a day. The first shift started at 3:30 a.m., the second was after school. If these papers were not delivered by dinnertime, he was not fed. Disney was also beaten on many occasions. He never found a good reason for his abuse because heRead MoreTaking a Look at Photographic Film768 Words   |  3 PagesPhotographic film A film can be defined as a material which is chemically reactive and when exposed to a light source records a fixed or still image. In other words it helps in capturing the image of a the photographed object, formed from the light reflecting back from its surface. Technically it is a photographic material consisting of a celluloid base that is covered with a photographic emulsion that is later used to make the negatives or the transparencies that maybe contained inside a rollRead MoreHow Photography Affects The Social And Political Arena1123 Words   |  5 PagesPhotography had been around more than 20 years before the Civil War began. When pictures were taken, they showed colonels, bodies that were on the battlefield, even soldiers that were around the camp tent. A few photographers that will be discussed are Mathew Brady, Alexander Gardner, George Barnard and Timothy O’Sullivan. I will talk about how their photography affected the social and political arena as well as how photography in contemporary society provides the public with an up-close testimonyRead MoreThe Excavation and Discovery of Tutankhamuns Tomb Essay870 Words   |  4 Pagessteps following down to a blocked wall that had been plastered. Carter described what he saw when he opened the antechamber wall â€Å"As my eyes grew accustomed to light, details of the room emerged slowly from the mist, strange animals, statues and gold- everywhere the glint of gold† describes the types of treasure that were found in the tomb and that the tomb probably had not been robbed. Carter goes on to recount more of what he saw â€Å"I was struck dumb with amazement, and when Lord Carnarvon, unable toRead MoreMedia In The Media1499 Words   |  6 Pagesthreating injures will be bused to clinics in the surrounding area or treated on scene. Ambulances, flight for life helicopters and buses will be standing by to transport casualties to the appropriate medical facility. All casualties will be photographed and fingerprinted using portable fingerprint scanners to identify an account for all personnel leaving the inner perimeter. The FBI, California Highway Patrol, police departments, and sheriff’s departments have access to these portable fingerprintRead MoreThe Art Of Photography : Art899 Words   |  4 Pagesimitates life, everywhere we find art. Speeches are an art form in their own. They summarize the events going on in the country at that given time. Some artists have been so enchanted by some of the presidential, political, activists that they produced art as an expression of their opinion of a certain idea. The Civil war was the most photographed conflict of the 19th century. Mathew Brady, Alexander Gardner, George Barnard and Timothy O’Sullivan were pioneers in photography. What they captured was historyRead More John Bergers Another Way of Telling Essay925 Words   |  4 Pagesof the photograph, thus surfaces â€Å"ambigui ty.† Even Berger agrees that ambiguity is the result of the viewer’s personal experiences and psychology, but he ignores what the viewer cannot see. When discussing the ambiguity of the photograph of the horse and man, page 85, Berger can only guess as to why the photograph was taken and to what the meaning is. Berger describes this process as, â€Å" . . . a game of inventing meanings† (86). Here, Berger admits to creating meanings, based on his life experiences

Dietary Factors That Affect Obesity Essay - 1222 Words

Dietary Factors There are many dietary factors that may contribute to obesity in children. The major factors are increased consumption of calorie-dense foods, saturated fats, and sugar in combination with sedentary behavior 8. Consumption of refined grains and sugar-sweetened beverages have lead to increases in unhealthy eating habits resulting in the rise of obesity 4. These sugar-sweetened drinks are also associated with increasing BMI 11. The focus of this synthesis is the importance of physical activity in treating individuals who are overweight and obese. However, it should be noted that the combination of dietary, physical activity, and behavioral interventions are most effective for developing a successful obesity prevention and treatment plan 22. Comorbidities Associated with Childhood Obesity With the alarming trends of obesity vastly increasing, the future health of pediatric populations will be vulnerable to several other obesity-related complications. The most prevalent comorbidities associated with obesity include: type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), inflammatory processes with links to hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD), dyslipidemia, liver dysfunction, cancer, respiratory and musculoskeletal disorders. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by hyperglycemia, specifically T2DM is typically associated with the presence of obesity. Individuals with BMI over 35 kg/m ² are 20 times more likely to develop T2DM than individualsShow MoreRelatedObesity : A Social And Economic Impact On Public Health Policy Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pages Obesity in Adults: Introduction Obesity is defined as the excessive body fat accumulation that negatively impacts adult health conditions. Overweight and obese BMI is between 25 and 30 and 30. In 2010, obesity is a major public health issue that affects one million overweight adults and 400 million obese worldwide. Obesity is associated with risk factors such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and obstructive sleep apnea etc. (Fock Khow, 2013)Read MoreChildhood Obesity in Latino Children1187 Words   |  5 PagesChildhood Obesity in Latino Children. Cindy Martinez Phoenix University The purpose of the Powerpoint presentation in the workplace project is to raise awareness for health care workers in regards to the increasing rate of obese Latino children in the United States. In the past several decades and according to the State of Obesity â€Å"38.9 % of children ages 2-19 are obese in the Latino culture.† The rates of severe obesity are higher amongst these children compared to the White American childrenRead MoreChildren And Obesity783 Words   |  4 Pagespopulation is considered to be obese. The rates of obesity, however, vary by age. 8 percent of children between 2 and 5 are obese. Among those between 6 and 11, 18 percent of these children are obese (Segal, Rayburn, Alejandra, 2016). Finally, 21 percent of those 12 and 19 years are obese. As mentioned before, obesity among children between 2 and 5 are decreasing. But those among age groups 11 and 19 are increasing. This may explain the constant rate of obesity among children. Variation in Gender, RaceRead MoreChildhood Obesity And Its Effects On Children And The Dangers Associated With This Rise1438 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscussing the recent increase of obesity rates in children and the dangers associated with this rise. The research focused specifically on children who had survived cancer and later developed obesity, causing more complications in their health. This rise of obesity in child cancer survivors has been linked to numerous potential factors causing an increase in the possibility of developing this disease. The potential factors that increase the risk of childhood obesity in cancer survivors include, treatmentRead MoreCauses Of Obesity In Western Countries1251 Words   |  6 Pages Obesity in Western Countries: Causes and Implications Over the past two-decades obesity has risenn at an alarming rate globally and now is reaching epidemic proportions in the western and industrialized countries†¦ USA. Obesity prevalence in the United states is among the highest globaly as its obesity rate is projected to climb from today’s 30-40% today to a shocking 70% in 20301 . In particular, childhood obesity exhibited the highest growth rate today, tripling the percentage of children overRead MoreEffectiveness Of Intervention Programs On Childhood Obesity Essay1489 Words   |  6 Pageson Childhood Obesity Childhood obesity is growing very rapidly all over the world. Childhood obesity can go further into adulthood. Obesity causes different kinds of health problems such as cardiovascular disease, metabolic, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and high cholesterol. It has psychological effects. For example, obese children have lower self-esteem, negative body image and suffer from depression and poor academic performance. There are many factors that result in obesity. They have unhealthyRead MoreThe Importance Of Studying The Differences Among Urban And Rural Communities Across The United States1429 Words   |  6 Pagesstudying the differences among urban and rural communities across the United States in regards to adulthood obesity. To start, it is known that rural areas of the country are prone to have a greater number of individuals living with a chronic disease as well as higher occurrence of all-cause mortality. These findings from the 1997-1998 National Health Interview Survey ( NHIS) and Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) are the based off of individual information. In turn, the current study isRead MoreChild Obesity As An Issue Of Public Health, The Socio Ecological Model1130 Words   |  5 PagesTo understand the phenomena behind child obesity as an issue of public health, the socio-ecological model should be considered. As seen in the Figure 1 below, the ecological model considers individual factors, relationship factors, community factors, and societal factors. Individual level (first level at the extreme right) includes biology and personal characteristics such as, knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, racial/ethnic identity, gender, age, and religious identity. Relationship level (secondRead MoreThe Obesity Epidemic Remains A Public Health Concern Worldwide1115 Words   |  5 Pages CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW Overview The obesity epidemic remains a public health concern worldwide. Obesity rates remain high in the United States, where one third of adults are obese.1 According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), the percent of children (ages 2-19 years) who are obese rose from 14.5% in 1999 to 17.3% in 2012.1 A recent study based on the 2012-2013 NHANES suggests a stabilization in obesity rates since 2003-2004, with a significant decrease amongRead MoreThe Dietary Guidelines For Americans911 Words   |  4 PagesThe Dietary Guidelines for Americans,2010 contains recommendations for healthy food choices and physical activity for the nation. This report is updated and issued every 5 years by the Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The information that is presented is fostered by the 2010 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee which consists of scientific experts. The goal of the document is to increase knowledge and to p ut what is learned into action by facilitating

Volvo Free Essays

string(105) " reports because the validity of data collected are strong enough to make this research strong and firm\." The objectives of this paper are to investigate and identify the factors and rationales that move Toyota onto hybrid vehicle production. PESTLE analysis is used to analyze the collected secondary data. According to PESTLE analysis, there are several reasons that affect Toyota to produce hybrid car. We will write a custom essay sample on Volvo or any similar topic only for you Order Now Based on the PESTLE analysis, all the factors are reasonable to support Toyota move to hybrid vehicle production. Researchers have invented some alternative energy technology like the electric car. Despite to its disadvantages where the electric car was found that it was unable to carry out long distance driving and the problem regarding the frequent recharges issue. Thus, the hybrid electric car technology is actually combine he benefits of both conventional fuel powered car and electric car. But, there will involve large amount of money in order to invent and develop a new technology. So, what are the rationales that move automakers, such as Toyota to into hybrid vehicle production? Key word-Toyota, hybrid car, PESTLE analysis 1. Introduction In the last couple of years, automotive industry was coming up with great innovations nowadays in order to fulfill the demand of the market [1]. The most recent innovation was mainly focus on the aspect of environmental and energy utilization issues. Therefore, hybrid car has been introduced. Hybrid car technology is type of technologies that made the vehicle utilize at least two different power sources in order to move the car. In general, the hybrid car type which available in the market is hybrid electric vehicles (Have) such as Toyota Pries Hybrid and Honda Civic Hybrid. A HAVE is using the combination of the internal combustion engine with electrical motors to make the vehicle move. Its dual engine characteristic will improve the fuel efficiency and even help in increasing the performance of the vehicle. However, the conventional cars run on a single fuel resource namely gasoline, petrol and diesel. Due to the rising issues regarding the shortage of the natural resource in world-wide recently, the conventional cars are not longer to meet for the future demand. In fact, The research objective of this paper is to investigate the rationales that move Toyota into hybrid vehicle production and to identify its related factors by using PESTLE analysts. 2. Literature Review PESTLE analysis is a structure for planning, presenting, and report writing, it is also an analytical tool to consider external factors and help in the analysis of the impacts. Basically, PESTLE is mainly used to identify and summarize environmental influences on an organization to help it assess actual and future strategic contexts [2]. Besides that, it is also a useful tool for understanding the external macro environment in which involved. PESTLE helps organization adapt proactively to ever changing environment and allows forward thinking so that issues are anticipated in advance [3]. Moreover, PESTLE analysis can help to take advantages of the opportunities and minimize the threats. PESTLE can help to avoid strategies that may be doomed to failure for reasons beyond control. A recent study which conducted by Serializations 1) regarding the use of strategic management lolls which included PESTLE among the group of tools that were most widely used by practitioners in the world of business. Although the authors comment that given its relatively high current use (47% of respondents usage or have used this tool) it is, at the same time, considered a statistical outlier in that 30% of respondents claiming unawareness [4]. 2. 1 political Factors may be altered by the government’s influence on a country infrastructure. Factors include the current and potential influences from political pressures and hence, the stability of the industry environment and the cost of operating will be affected. Political factors often impose costs upon organization such as taxes. The governments are often trying to protect firms in their countries from foreign competition through tariffs and import restrictions, and to encourage their development through cheap loans and large government contracts. On global warming has resulted in global agreement on emissions of greenhouse gases. Another environmental effect of a project is on the community that surrounds it 3. Methodology 2. 2 Economic Factors include local, national and world economic impact. Rates of economic growth, unemployment and interest rates will affect the spending power of nonusers and businesses which bring the impact on the nature of competition in an industry. Other important economic factors relate to the supply of and demand for key inputs, such as oil, metals, minerals, and skilled labor. 2. 3 social Factors include the ways in which changes in society affect the project. The growing consumer assertiveness and intolerance of poor quality are the social factors. The increasing of average household income with corresponding reduction in the time available to spent it. The other social factor is cultural aspects, health and safety consciousness, population growth rate, age strutting. 2. 4 Technological Factors include how new and emerging technology affects our project / organization. The technological factors are including maturity of technology, competing technological developments, research funding, technology legislation, and new discoveries. The information technology, internet, global and local communications can be easily access by user nowadays. 2. 5 Legal Factors include how local, national and global legislation affects the project. All the organizations have adjusted their products and ways of operation to the different regulatory and legislative frameworks that an govern their product areas and countries in which they are active. 2. 6 Environmental Factors include local, national and global environmental issues. The general environment problem such as global warming and pollution are the environmental factor in PESTLE analysis. The concern Figure 1: Proposed Research Process in Flow Chart First of all, we need to define the research problem. This will help us to determine the objective of the research. Once the project was defined, the research will proceed to review the concept and theories of the study. In this stage, the research will undertake extensive literature review from published Journal, article, books, conference proceeding, and government reports because the validity of data collected are strong enough to make this research strong and firm. You read "Volvo" in category "Papers" Besides that, in the secondary data collection, the data was collected from published work on website, newspaper, corporate profiles or official statistics. These data collected must ensure the validity before refer and take information from the website because some of the websites are invalid such as flogger and Wisped. Thus, it is wise to begin any research activity with a review of the secondary data [10]. After data was collected, the analysis was begun. In this study, the method of analysis used was PESTLE analysis. The results were then interpreted and written in report form. . Discussion and Analysis In this section, we will discuss each of the factors, PESTLE accordingly. 4. 1 Political Factor In the last few years, the process of searching for the alternative energy source is not only restricting to the economic and environment concern. However, it also 2 consider as a national security concern. At 2007, the ex-president of United State, Bush, stated that â€Å"Union was la rgely focused on the energy issue, and the session the U. S. Government faces is how to lessen our dependence on foreign petroleum from unstable region of the world. With gas prices at an all-time high at the price of $3. 07 a gallon, which will be surpassed in upcoming years, we see the need for change, yet it is hard to plan out how to be free from our dependence when 97% of all energy consumed by vehicles is petroleum based [11]. Vehicles. Specifically, the Air Resources Board mandated that at least 2 percent, 5 percent and 10 percent of new car sales be zero-emitting by 1998, 2001 and 2003 respectively [37]. Besides, current CAVE aerogram will reward automakers who have significant contribution in production of the vehicles that incorporate better performance. The credit system of the CAVE was formed to reward automaker and to provide automakers more flexibility to produce difference type of vehicle that fulfill the requirement of CAVE [38]. However, the present president of U. S. , President Obama stated that he wants to end the America’s addiction to foreign oil and reduce the government’s focus on how to obtain oil from foreign countries [12]. By driving hybrid vehicle, everyone can contribute on reducing the burden of government and reliance on foreign country. Another Act affect the political factor is Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFEГ?) standard that also executed in U. S.. Since 1975, the U. S. Government has executed CAFEГ? policy in order to reduce the greenhouse gases emission and oil consumption, following the 1973. -1974 oil crisis. CAFEГ? did influence the decision of automotive firm by setting a minimum standard for the average fuel economy of a manufacturer’s fleet of vehicles sold in U. S. [39]. Thus, in order to fulfill the standard of CAFEГ?, the automaker has change a particular vehicle model’s characteristic to increase its fuel economy, such as reduce the power, design the engine or transmission and reduces the weigh [40]. Thus, hybrid car is one of the technologies developed in order to fulfill the standard of CAFEГ?. On 26th January 2009, President Obama has started to reverse the climate policies of Bush administration and has set new rules to force all of the automakers in U. S. To produce more efficient and pollution free vehicle. This new rule will force manufacturers of car to make the switch over to hybrid vehicle production In addition, the U. S. Congress on 3rd October 2008 enacted a law which offers up to $7,500 in tax incentives for passenger plug-in car. This will help most of the buyer to reduce the initial cost when purchase a hybrid vehicle. Moreover, there are large possibilities that those incentives will included conversion of gas vehicles to plug-in/hybrid vehicles, meaning that people able to convert his or her current vehicle into hybrid. There are some policy has been executed by government has grad interest of Toyota to move into hybrid production. Energy policy act of 1992 is an act that focuses on encouragement of divestment in conservation and energy efficiency by electric utilities [35]. The fuel uses as a means for the Energy policy program to helping U. S. O reduce its dependence on important petroleum. In addition, it also provide more flexible way for fleet operator who already are burdened with the responsibility of complying with the requirement of this act by rearrange the existing incentives and requirement program to directly award the use of alternative fuel [36]. Besides that, the Californians Zero Emission Vehicle (CAVE) program also is one of the policies that do help to move Toyota into hybrid vehicle production. CAVE embarked in a plan to reduce vehicle emissions to zero through the gradual introduction of zero emission The Energy Policy Act of 2005 was signed into law by President Bush on August, 2005[14]. In this act, there is a section for individual that purchase or lease hybrid vehicles or other alternative motor vehicle state that the tax credit for hybrid vehicles, which was enacted by the Energy Policy Act of 2005, may be as much as $3,400 for those who purchase the most fuel-efficient passenger vehicles and light trucks[1 5]. In order to improve and encourage the production of hybrid vehicle, there were some policies executed by the U. S. Government as the extension of the Energy Policy Act of 2005, such as Energy Independence and Security Act 2007, Energy and Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 and Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 4. 2 Economic Factor In our opinion, economic might be the main issue drive Toyota into hybrid vehicle production. In fact, a nation imports more products from foreign countries; it will lead to the more trade debt of nation. Therefore, the more Toyota Campy Hybrid was sold in the U. S. , the more trade debt was make by U. S. And directly affect the economics of U. S. Based on the price of the oil is keeps increasing in the global market situation, it takes money away from the disposable 3 income. This will lead to less retail spending and small business investment. This situation will bring greatly negative effect on the nation’s gross domestic product. We conclude that because of the characteristic of high fuel efficiency of hybrid vehicle, the dependence of the country or even a family will be reduced, and thus more money is available in circulation of the economy. Besides that, automobile emissions contribute significant amounts of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, which will lead to global warming. Hybrids could help in the effort of increasing fuel efficiency and thus lowering emissions. The economic effect of a warming planet has two phases: mitigation costs and adaptation costs. Based on the Cambridge dictionary, adaptation means the process of changing to suit the different condition. The adaptation costs include those cost that let human survive during the arrival of disaster, such the relocation of coastal population, decreased agricultural production, water shortages and increased defense spending as global changes cause unrest and conflict. In addition, based on Oxford dictionary, mitigation means the action of reducing the severity, seriousness, or painfulness of something: the identification and mitigation of pollution. The mitigation cost includes those issues that related activities that tend to reverse or halt the problem and lead to the needed to invest in new clean energy technologies development, the overall energy prices could be raised by a tax of carbon emission and lead to slower gross domestic product growth due to the increase of difficulties to obtain a clean energy resources where it requires a huge sum of money [19]. In our opinion, due to the benefit of hybrid vehicles, both mitigation cost and adaptation cost can be reduced and result in positive effect on economic of a nation. Hybrid vehicle believe to bring benefit to the nation trade. According to RCA, a Chicago-based economic insulting company, the oil rose to $120 per barrel, making oil responsible for 75% of the U. S. Trade deficit in 2008 [19]. This situation might lead to trade imbalance. Trade imbalance might occur if the dependence of a country have import excessive amount of oil, it was caused by domestic supplies have peaked. Thus, any products and any technologies (hybrid vehicle) that will help in reduce in oil import of a country will resolve the problem of trade imbalance. Based on the subsidies for environmental purposes, Honda developed a fuel-cell prototype and will start centralization around 2002. However, Toyota also darted to build hydro-car that need only water and Toyota Pries which is a hybrid-based car with an electrical and conventional engine that both reduce energy needs to less than 5 liters per 100 kilometers is already a big success in Japan. According to the Budget of the United States of 2000, there is a section named â€Å"Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles†. This budget proposes $264 million, which is $24 more than in 1999, which is for investment in new generation vehicles. This cost is used for three research goal, which are to develop advanced manufacturing technique; to use new technologies for near-term emission improvements; and o develop production prototype vehicles three times more fuel-efficient than conventional cars [20]. According to the facts that mentioned above, hybrid vehicle is one of the solutions to solve all of these economic problems. So, this economic factor has attract Toyota to move into hybrid car production since it have great potential to solve economic problem that might facing by most of the country in future. . 3 Social factor In modern world, people who are attracted and interested in hybrid car progressively increase because it able to bring benefit in various aspects compare to non-hybrid car. The social factor has includes some issues like health and custom of nation. In our opinion, the main factor is air pollution. Formerly, the cars were run only by combustion engine and certain amount of unwanted gas (like nitrous o xides) was emitted from those cars and those emitted gases will cause serious air pollution. After a long period, the pollution will cause some health’s problem, such as respiratory tract infection, skin disease, heart disease with high risk of complication, and others; at which the percentage of the problem will be increased progressively and may lead to fatal. This harass condition was settled by substituting hybrid car to the invitational car, because the combustion engine of hybrid car is less exposed to acceleration and burns fuel under more stable conditions, thus it emit less carbon dioxide (CO) than an engine of conventional flowered vehicle [21]. Besides that, the noise emission from electric motor (noise pollution) also is a main disadvantage of conventional fuel-powered vehicle. Hybrid car is a vehicle that can bring the comfortable and relax feeling for the consumer during driving because the engine of the car able to operate with less noise emission, reduce the noise no matter at high speed or low speed. On the How to cite Volvo, Papers